Limited partners cannot be held liable for more. Furthermore, the limited partners are barred from participating in management. How Partnerships Are Taxed For many small businesses, paying income tax means struggling to master double-entry bookkeeping and employee withholding rules while ferreting out every possible. Admission of limited partners. Common Offences for Limited Partnerships. The general partner is personally accountable for the entire business, including its debts and the actions of other partners. 20. This structure allows business owners to be either general partners or “limited partners,” who are not personally liable for business debts and have a reduced role in business decision-making and development. 15826, Lamb, V. The limited partners may be individuals, partnerships, companies or trusts. PDF'nizi FlipHTML5'e yükleyin ve KONDİSYON TÜRKÇE 6. Raber Rd. L. 3 (2) A declaration shall be in the form prescribed by regulation, shall be signed by all the general partners and shall state. Is a business partnership right for you? Knowing the pros and cons of a business partnership is a crucial step to take before taking the leap. Exempted limited partnerships must register by satisfying the registration requirements provided in the Act (see 2. 16, s. One of the dental diseases that has attracted significant research is periodontitis. YARAT LIMITED PARTNERSHIP , Loại: ประกอบกิจการจำหน่ายเนื้อสัตว , số đăng ký 0633563000799 ประกอบกิจการจำหน่ายเนื้อสัตว Địa chỉ: 188 หมู่ 8 ตำบล แม่. Certificate of Publication for Domestic Limited Partnership. Share. Sec. A typical real estate limited partnership agreement or limited liability company operating agreement includes provisions dealing with allocations of taxable income, gain, loss, and deductions that can be difficult to decipher. An LLP can sue and be sued in its name. Limited partner liabilities. A partnership can even start without an oral or written contract. b. The definition of a limited partnership is a business with more than one owner, including at least one general partner and at least one limited partner. Family Limited Partnerships. 3. In this agreement, the rights, liabilities, duties, and powers of all the partners are mentioned. Find detailed information on Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry companies in Tak, Thailand, including financial statements, sales and marketing contacts, top. Features of limited partnerships include: separate legal personality; an indefinite lifespan, if desired 'safe harbour activities' - defined activities that limited partners may involve themselves in while not participating in the management of the limited partnership; tax treatment for limited partnerships. Changes in partners. Code §18-209(a). For tax purposes, a limited partnership is a pass-through entity, which means it doesn’t pay taxes, but income passes through to the partners, who then pay income tax on the profits of their share. A limited partnership is a partnership between a general partner and a limited partner. A partnership is also not a separate legal person or taxpayer. To create a Florida limited partnership OR correct your rejected online filing: Review the instructions for filing the Certificate of Limited Partnership for a Florida Limited Partnership. If you're forming an LP, LLP, or LLLP, you must register your business with the state through these steps: Choose a home state: If your business is dispersed. S. Many people find it easier to market limited partner interests, and general partners can raise money without involving outside investors in the management of the business. In an LLP, the partners have limited liability, whereas in a partnership the. View the latest news, buy/sell ratings, SEC filings and insider transactions for your stocks. R. General partnerships vs. 491, Section 1; 1985 Act No. The most common type of business entity in Indonesia is the civil partnership Footnote 2 or the Maatschap, which constitutes 99,92% of the total business units, and contributes to 60% of the country’s GDP. SINIF'ı ücretsiz olarak paylaşın ve indirin. On the review screen, check all information entered and complete the signatory details. A limited partnership is generally not restricted in the type of business that it engages in so long as it is a for-profit endeavour. A master limited partnership (MLP) is a publicly traded entity where the limited partners are tax-advantaged and not responsible for the business's debts. Search for the company or products that you are interested in. CHAPTER XXIV. and con- atittltio n of (2) A limited partnership shall not consist, in the case of a symW partnership carrying on the business of banking, of more than 10 . Break up and winding up of limited partnership. 0% Scale and scope are a major advantage for MLPs as it pertains to finding new ways to generate cash flows, and. Such a person is in the position of a sleeping partner with limited liability. To the extent a partnership’s business interest deduction is limited, the deferred business interest (“excess business interest expense”) must be allocated to the partners, which reduces the partners’ bases in their partnership interests. Sometimes they’re called “silent partners. B & R Management Limited Partnership filed as a Domestic Limited Partnership in the State of New York on Wednesday, April 4, 2001 and is approximately twenty-two years old, as recorded in documents filed with New York Department of State. or the words "Limited Partnership. The business can raise capital by enticing investors to become limited partners by offering them personal liability protection. [1] The building showcases temporary exhibitions by leading international artists. A fourth, the limited liability limited partnership (LLLP), is not recognized in all states. See developments, communities, articles, company news and contact information. According to the IRS, each partner’s basis in a limited partnership is derived from the cash, services and property contributed when the partnership was formed. THIS SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (this ) of Buzz Holdings L. NAICS CODES: 11 Showing 1-50 of 60 LOCATION SALES REVENUE ($M) ห้างหุ้นส่วนจำกัด บี. (BB) stock price, news, historical charts, analyst ratings and financial information from WSJ. Powers of the Registrar. In a limited partnership, there are both general and. m. 536. 25 (1). P. Limited partnership: This. S. Limited partnerships get around this problem by allowing limited partners to invest in a business, and limiting their liability to the amount of their initial investment. the proposed name of the limited partnership. An application may be made to the Court for the liquidation of an overseas limited partnership whether or not the overseas limited partnership—. The partnership obtains a $99,000 recourse loan and purchases equipment for $100,000. (Del. Example 2. B & BB LIMITED PARTNERSHIP is an Alabama Foreign Limited Partnership filed on August 29, 1986. By law, each partner can act on behalf of the partnership, and any action taken by a partner is binding on all other partners. You can form a limited partnership at a notary public. C. While it is very similar to a general partnership in most aspects, the limited partnership is made up of at least one or more general partners and at least one or more limited partners. Many partnerships are formed as limited partnerships because the limited liability is attractive to passive investors. The following information in this presentation is for informationalA limited partner is a limited partnership member who makes a contribution to the limited partnership and is only liable for the company’s liabilities up to the amount of this contribution. Unless the articles of association determine otherwise, the limited partner is. A Limited Partnership is a business entity that consists of one or more General Partners and one or more Limited Partners. An LLP can sue and be sued in its name. [28th August 1907. Limited liability partnerships (LLPs) are governed by the Limited Liability Partnership Act 2008 (the LLP Act). How Common Is The Last Name Yarat? popularity and diffusion. Updated August 12, 2020: The difference between a general partner vs. LLPs are typically reserved for. Partnership Founded 2012 Specialties sosyal medya, pazarlama iletişimi, medya odaklı halkla ilişkiler, and yazılım. PARKWAY PROPERTIES OFFICE FUND II, L. Limited liability companies are subject to a flat tax rate of 16. A characteristic feature of this kind of company is the close relationship between the company and the shareholders. Also. 6 Del. You register a limited partnership with the state. The general partner (GP. A limited partnership shall consist of one or more persons who are general partners and one or more persons who are limited partners. For these purposes, a domestic partnership is not treated as owning stock of a foreign corporation within the meaning of section 958(a). The existing Limited Partnerships Ordinance 4 (LPO) was enacted more than a century ago, before the development of the investment funds industry 5, and contains provisions that made the structure. It's a structure most commonly used by professionals such as doctors, attorneys, and accountants who go into practice together. For an LP, you must include, LP, L. This Limited Partnership Agreement (this ". 300 Definitions. Get the latest business insights. Making a complaint about a general partner. Nonpublicly traded LPs generally required an initial investment of only about $10,000, although some interests sold for as. A limited liability partnership (LLP) is a business structure that provides some liability protection for its owners, along with some potential tax breaks and other advantages. 236. SINIF gibi bir dijital kitap oluşturun. CPLP saw. Discover historical prices for BB stock on Yahoo Finance. A limited partnership is a pass-through entity. B. MLPAis not acting as an investment adviser, investment fiduciary, broker, dealer or other market participant, and is not making any offer or solicitation to buy or sell any security. A limited partner can assign his or her interest in the profits of the limited partnership and the assignee may become a limited partner if the limited partnership agreement so provides or if. However, there is an exception: if one of the partners of the limited partnership is a company, its income from the limited partnership will be taxed at the rate of 16. This LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (as the same may be amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of November 18, 2008, by and among CP V CB GP, LLC, a Delaware. Click 'Submit' to be taken to the payment screen. Limited partnerships are pass-through business entities for tax purposes. The limited partnership is a specialized form of partnership. This structure allows business owners to be either general partners or “limited partners,” who are not personally liable for business debts and have a reduced role in business decision-making and development. 891 (E), dated 31st March, 2009, see Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Sec. A. " 6 Del. There is much more flexibility in the formation of an LLP. Essentially, the more liability you have in a limited partnership, the more say you have in how the business operates. Revision Date: 1 Jan 2020 (d) a consolidated limited partnership within the meaning of section 71; or (e) a limited partnership registered under section 78 on the consolidation of one or more limited partnerships with one or more foreign limited partnerships;The IRS allows discounts when you use a limited partnership for gifting. B. Code. and con- atittltio n of (2) A limited partnership shall not consist, in the case of a symW partnership carrying on the business of banking, of more than 10 . Updated: Dec 21st, 2022. An LP Company (“limited partnership”) as a business legal structure has many unique characteristics, benefits, as well as drawbacks for tax, liability, and operating purposes. ญารัตน์ | B. In limited partnerships, there are two types of partners: general and limited. Limited partnerships (LP) and limited liability limited partnerships (LLLP): Limited. Limited partnerships are pass-through business entities for tax purposes. Each partner is taxed on his or her share of the partnership profits. It also offers a different spin on liability protection for partners. Reason to Form a Limited Partnership. A partnership is a form of business which enables two or more persons to co-own an organization, and they agree to share the profits and losses of the company. General partners manage the business and are jointly liable for the debts and. Partnerships come in several. The general. Due to strong legal ties, the IDRs of the two entities are the same. , COLUMBIA CITY, IN, 46725. Each has advantages, and disadvantages. Limited liability partnership. Partnerships are recorded with the Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC). LPs are typically designed to provide passive income to investors. In this agreement, the rights, liabilities, duties, and powers of all the partners are mentioned. Definitions. The limited liability stock company is the most common corporate structure for operating a business, being as easy to constitute and operate as a limited liability partnership would be in other. Definition and constitution of limited partnership Limited partnerships may be formed in the manner and subject to the conditions by this Act provided. b. The partners share in management activities equally and share the business’ financial gains and losses. If electronically filing an AAR, attach a Form 8082, “Notice of Inconsistent Treatment or Administrative Adjustment Request (AAR),” to a Form 1065, “U. Section 25 of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 provides that every partner will be jointly and severally liable for the acts done by the other partners in their capacity as partners. Assoc. 104, and 153. General partners. Definition of terms. Remember, partnerships may be required to file and pay state taxes. General partners can take on investors without giving up any control of the. นายอานันต์ บุญประเสริฐ: absolute plus constructions company limitedYou are a partner in a partnership of two equal partners. A limited partnership is a partnership formed by two or more persons under the provisions of Section 15502, having as members one or more general partners and one or more. To form a partnership: You must have two or more parties who agree to own the business and operate it for-profit. 3. The appropriate structure is determined on a case-by-case basis depending on the nature and location of the. A limited partnership is required. It is a partnership consisting of a minimum of two partners, with at least one general partner and one limited partner. more Equity Co-Investment: Definition, How It Works, BenefitsLimited partnerships will require more complex filing requirements than normal partnerships. One of more general partner controls the business c. Registration Data Sheet 4. Part II – Nature of partnership. 88. O. An Act to make provisions for the formation and regulation of limited liability partnerships and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. Download and fill in the application to register a limited partnership. Fitch Ratings - New York - 01 Mar 2023: Fitch Ratings has affirmed the Issuer Default Ratings (IDR) of NextEra Energy Partners, LP (NEP) and its subsidiary, NextEra Energy Operating Partners, LP (NEP Opco) at 'BB+' with a Stable Rating Outlook. On a related note, this limited liability. Limited partnership (LP) – is. The following pointers may help when it comes to considering the advantages and disadvantages of a business partnership. While general partnerships and limited partnerships share a number of core similarities—namely, the fact that they are partnerships—they are distinct in just as many important ways, particularly when it comes to liability protection and partners’ roles. 2056 S. 14 Limited partners do not participate in the management of the partnership. 25, 2009) (stating that rule that partnership has citizenship of each of its partners for purposes of diversity jurisdiction applies to LLPs). Limited partners invest in a business to get a share of profits, but they are otherwise passive owners. Find detailed information on Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry companies in Tak, Thailand, including financial statements, sales and marketing contacts, top competitors, and firmographic insights. The general partners are liable for all the debts and obligations of the firm, while limited partners are responsible only for the debts and obligations of. Get the latest business insights from Dun & Bradstreet. The general partner is responsible for managing the operations of the business. Limited partners have less liability and do not take part in day-to-day business operations. There are some situations in which a limited partnership for a new business may be desirable. limited partnerships. A General Partner may be an individual or an entity, such as a corporation, that is responsible for daily management of the company. Assoc. ”. BB BlackBerry Limited Options Ahead of Earnings If you haven`t bought BB here: Then analyzing the options chain and the chart patterns of BB BlackBerry prior to the earnings report this week, I would consider. The purpose of the limited partnership is to allow individuals to organize into an entity form that allows the flexibility of a general partnership while allowing for special rights, duties, and protections for limited partners. Agreement to do business as a limited partnership may be oral or written,excluding partnership. The core reasons for their attractiveness for a wide range of business purposes are well - known: chiefly, passthrough. A partnership is a form of business which enables two or more persons to co-own an organization, and they agree to share the profits and losses of the company. Limited partners don’t take an active role in management — They are silent partners. A limited partnership is a partnership that has at least two classes of partners, a general or managing partner who operates the company and limited partners who invest but do not partake in day to day decisions. However, by analogy to Delaware. Call us at 855. The conversion has created a 2000 m 2 exhibition space spread over two floors. There are a few different categories of. 4043 to get started. Conn. 1, 2018, through Oct. Limited Liability Partnerships A. A limited partnership (LP) is much like a general partnership, but with a few significant differences. Partnership: A partnership is the combined efforts of two or more entities (people or corporations) to provide products or services. The main difference between these partnerships is that general partners have full operational control of a business and unlimited liability, in the business sense. If any of the property has been. Depending on their legal form, these legal entities can be natural persons, legal bodies (usually corporations), or other partnerships. 469 (Prop. Advantages of a Limited Partnership. If you're forming an LP, LLP, or LLLP, you must register your business with the state through these steps: Choose a home state: If your business is dispersed. 64. In other words, the business's income tax passes to the individual partners. One or more limited partnerships merge into any limited partnership or other type of busines s organization by adopting a plan of merger and filing the appropriate form CSCL/CD-550M. Because he is not a material participant, The. B. The general partner or partners of a limited partnership are in the same position as partners of a general partnership. This Chapter is also relevant to limited partnerships. The registers of limited partnerships and overseas limited partnerships are administered by the NZ Companies Office. LPs provided highly tax efficient investment for limited partners. 65. A limited partner’s liability for a partnership firm is limited to the invested amount in the company. O. There are various types of legal forms for conducting business Footnote 1 in Indonesia, including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. For individuals who want. The securities generate $18,000 of dividend income and the partnership reports the trust’s share of partnership taxable income of $200,000, but the partnership makes no. Co-owners in an. Further, Delaware defines a "limited liability company" and a "domestic limited liability company" as "a limited liability company formed under the laws of the State of Delaware and having 1 or more members. In general, only the general partner orA third kind of partnership—a limited partnership—is different from both a general partnership and an LLP. 5 million. Capital Product Partners LP (CPLP) This Greece-based shipping company's unit price is up 7. All partners must sign the form. The company's principal. 1. Pro Tax Tips – Limited Partnership Losses and the At-risk Amount. Here's a primer on this useful but complex topic. ECLIPSESUN LIMITED. Nearly all states in the United States use the Uniform Limited Partnership Act, which includes. stock news by MarketWatch. If that applies to you, you might consider forming a limited partnership and selling limited partnership interests to investors. BSäR Group of Companies is a real estate developer based in Toronto, ON. According to section 2 of this Act, an LLP is a partnership registered under this act, and an LLP agreement means a written agreement either between partners of an LLP’s or between its partners and LLP itself. 1. the general partners manage the business and have the power to enter binding agreements. Limited Liability Limited Partnership. Income tax is not paid by the business. If applicable, they should submit amended. The main difference between these partnerships is that general partners have full operational control of a business and unlimited liability, in the business sense. A limited partnership is one where the liability of one or more partners for the debts and obligations of the business is limited. There are several recognized types of business partnerships, and unlike ,. My love for building strong partnerships and helping people succeed introduced me to the world of sales. MLPs combine a private partnership's tax advantages with a stock's liquidity. This is the ongoing business which engages staff and can provide its services to a number of funds or clients. Published on. General partner, promoter and manager prohibition. 3. Certificate of Bank. HYDRO ALUMINIUM EXTRUSION LIMITED. To form, run, or end a limited partnership in Delaware, you need to follow all the filing requirements and state guidelines. Private fund limited partnerships: actions by limited partners. A Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) A limited liability partnership is a body corporate formed and incorporated as a legal entity separate from the partners. 105, a limited partner does not participate in the control of the business because the limited partner has or has acted in one or more of the following capacities or possesses or exercises one or more of the following powers: (1) acting as: (A) a contractor for or an agent or. persons and, in the case of any other partnership, of more than 20 Act. LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT OF PARKWAY PROPERTIES OFFICE FUND II, L. They cannot participate in the management of. 51-66), entitled “Limited Partnerships”, applies specifically and exclusively to limited partnerships (s. The limited partners in an LP invest their money but don't make any business decisions or take on any liability for the. A limited partnership is a pass-through entity. 66. Dec. This involves choosing a name, hiring a Registered Agent, and determining the roles of the partners. Sept. What a limited partnership is. (2) A limited partnership consists of. posted its second-quarter financial results. Learn More D&B. The members of a partnership, are jointly known as the partnership firm and severally known as partners. In return, each partner is entitled to a share of the profits or. Permitted Business. it cannot sue or be sued or own property in its own name. One or more limited partnerships merge into any limited partnership or other type of busines s organization by adopting a plan of merger and filing the appropriate form CSCL/CD-550M. Get 30 Days of MarketBeat All Access Free. Article 2. It comprises one or more general partners and at least one limited partner. General partnership (GP) – is where all partners are equally responsible for the management of the business, and each has unlimited liability for the debts and obligations it may incur. B. Generally (1) With the Treasury Department’s adoption of the “check-the-box” Treasury Regulations in 1996, limited partnerships and limited liabilities companies have become the entity of choice for “family investment partnerships. These factors depend on which type of partnership the business takes. Given that context, buyers and sellers of partnership interests reasonably can expect increased partnership audit activity. For example, the. General partners share in the profits and losses of the business, are involved in the day-to-day management of the company, and are personally liable for the partnership’s debts. Ideally, the mutual expectation of any partnership is to earn profit. The most common business structures are sole trader, partnership, proprietary limited company, association and co-operative. Directors. The rules regarding the at-risk amount are highly complex, so advice from an experienced. Subject to Section 33-42-430, the partnership agreement may grant to all or a specified group of the limited partners the right to vote (on a per capita or other basis) upon any matter. 005 Electronic filing of records. com. บี. 259, s. FORMS USED BY FOREIGN LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS ONLY Certificate of Change, CSCL/CD-412 permitted by Section 905 of the Act, MCL 449. 23. Fee - $10. So now 10% of $10 million of underlying assets is worth maybe $650,000 when you give it. Limited partners have less liability and do not take part in day-to-day business operations. 1990, c. [1] Limited partnerships are distinct from limited liability partnerships, in which all. How FLPs work: Typically, the parents contribute assets to a limited partnership taking back a small general partnership interest and a large limited. Partnership Property. 62. On July 25th, 2023, NextEra Energy, Inc. Search for the company or products that you are interested in. S. What is a Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs)? Section 746(1) of CAMA 2020 defines a Limited Liability Partnership as a body corporate with legal personality separate from its members. Limited partners share in the profits of the business, but their losses are limited to the extent of their investment. ) § 59-32. In a general partnership, every partner in the company is. 2561 (4 ปี 11 เดือน 28 วัน) สถานภาพกิจการMaking The Most Of Real Estate Limited Partnerships. A limited partner on the other hand is not involved in business operations and has no. e. In order to create a limited partnership, a business must still have at least one general partner who remains personally liable for. R. On the review screen, check all information entered and complete the signatory details. During the period of this update (Nov. Dated as of May 14, 2008. A limited partnership must be registered under the Limited Partnerships Act 1907. View Deepali’s full profile. 2—Interpretation. I. a partnership under which it is possible for a person to become a partner upon terms that his liability to the creditors of the firm should be strictly limited (rather like that of a shareholder in a company). 2. 236. บี. Partnership Property. Return of Partnership Income. The partnership reported a GAAP EPS of $0. Wed 01 Mar, 2023 - 3:47 PM ET. A limited liability partnership is a special type of partnership typically reserved for law firms, doctor’s offices, accounting firms and other professional service businesses. บี. 1: Selected Data: Number of US Partnerships, Limited Partnerships, and Limited Liability Companies. The discussion covers developments in the determination of partners and partnerships, gain on disposal of partnership interests, partnership audits, and basis adjustments. บี. (a) is registered under this Act; or. Amendments to the partnership agreement. An LP Company (“limited partnership”) as a business legal structure has many unique characteristics, benefits, as well as drawbacks for tax, liability, and operating purposes. General applicant of Act to limited partnerships. Yani; Bi’ Fark Yarat, pazarlama iletişiminin temel taşının. Compare your portfolio performance to leading indices and get personalized. 20 -0. INTRODUCTION. persons and, in the case of any other partnership, of more than 20Act. As a creation of statue, the elements of an Ontario limited partnership are as stated in the Limited Partnerships Act (Ontario). Sınıf Tüm Dersler Soru Bankası<br>Yeni Müfredata Uygun<br>Beceri Temelli Sorular<br>Akıllı Tahtaya Uyumlu<br>Okula Yardımcı<br>Sınavlara Hazırlık<br>Video Çözümlü<br>Kanguru Matematik Türkiye<br>İçindeki Dersler:<br>Türkçe<br>Matematik<br>Fen Bilimleri<br>Sosyal. Sole proprietorships and partnerships are taxed at the rate of 15% on their assessable profits. A partnership is the merger of several “legal entities” that pursue a common goal. Limited partnership. VI. Supp. Limited partners could lose no more than their original investment. Features of limited partnerships. Articles 2 through 4A, inclusive, of this Chapter shall be known and may be cited as the North Carolina Uniform Partnership Act. It can help you lower estate taxes or eliminate them completely. It offers a decent distribution yield of 4. 312 is amended by inserting after section 4, the following: “Certain limited partnerships require a service provider Where a limited partnership has as a partner, an entity that is not incorporated, registered or otherwise constituted in Barbados butA limited liability partnership is a formal structure that offers the partners at least some legal protection from the partnerships’ liabilities. In a partnership, all partners are bound to one another based on the contractual terms, even if those terms go against the regulations under the Partnership Act of 1890. This type of partnership consists of at least one general partner who manages the business and one or more limited partners who usually only finance the business. Total credits. Limited partnership: This type of partnership involves a general partner who manages the business and limited partners who invest money but have minimal control and liability. yarat limited partnership ทะเบียน:0633563000799 เป็นธุรกิจประกอบกิจการจำหน่ายเนื้อสัตว การฆ่าและการบรรจุเนื้อสัตว์ปีกสด ตาก ตำบลแม่กาษา. One of the biggest advantages for a limited partner in the Limited Partnership is the fact that he or she only faces limited liability. The Limited Partnerships Act, Cap. Listed below are the characteristics of limited partnership, except: a. There are two types of partnerships in Hong Kong: General Partnership and Limited Partnership. The last time we polled executives on their perceived risks for strategic partnerships, 1 Observations collected in McKinsey’s 2015 survey of more than 1,250 executives. 010 Considerations in determining whether proposed name of limited partnership or limited-liability partnership is distinguishable from name of existing business entity. Foreign businesses may also conduct business within Canada through branch operations or a joint venture. 3. The main difference between these partnerships is that general partners have full operational control of a business and unlimited liability, in the business sense. HOGAN, JR. b.